Human resource development (HRD) is vital for India's overall growth, yet it has often been neglected in the development process. This inadequacy hampers progress in education, skill-building, and health sectors, affecting the nation's socio-economic potential. This answer suggests key measures to strengthen HRD.

Q6. The crucial aspect of the development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human resource development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy.

Model Answer:

Introduction

India’s rank on Human Development Index (HDI) has slipped from 130 in 2020 to 134 in 2024. Above data shows the dismal state of human resource development in India. 

Body

Inadequate attention to Human resource development in India is reflected in - 

  • Skill Shortages -only around 5 % of the workforce in India has received formal skill training. 
  • Low public spending on education -  As per World Bank report 2023, India spends only around 2.9% of its GDP on education which falls short of the proposed 6% target.
  • Learning Outcomes- The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2023 highlights that only 57.3% of rural students in Class 5 can read a Class 2 level text compared to 73.2% in urban areas.
  • As per Labour Bureau Report 2022-23 - The female labour force participation rate in India is just around 25%, significantly lower than the global average. 
  • According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), 32.5% of children under five years of age are stunted, impacting cognitive development and learning potential.

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Measures that can address the inadequacy of attention to Human Resource Development (HRD) in India

  • Increase Education Spending - Aim for 6% of GDP as recommended by NEP 2020, similar to nations like South Korea (5.3%) that prioritise education.
  • Bridge Rural-Urban Gap - Replicate China's model of targeted funding and teacher incentives for rural schools.
  • Revamping of Vocational Training emulation of Germany's dual system that combines classroom learning with apprenticeships in companies.
  • Invest in Teacher Training - on the line of Finland's rigorous teacher training programs that attract high-calibre graduates
  • Invest in Healthcare -Improve primary health care access leading to a healthier and more productive workforce.
  • Focus on Industry-Relevant Skills- Update curriculums to align with industry demands.
  • Research, Innovation, and Technology Adoption-  Invest in research to drive innovation and foster ties between academia and industry. 

Conclusion

By implementing these measures with a collaborative effort from the government, educational institutions, the private sector, and civil society, India can unlock the true potential of its young demographic and achieve sustainable development.

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