Q5. Discuss the causes of depletion of mangroves and explain their importance in maintaining coastal ecology.
Model Answer:
Introduction
Ans. Mangroves are unique coastal ecosystems found in tropical and subtropical regions, characterised by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs.Recent data from the Global Mangrove Watch indicates a concerning decline in mangrove cover, with India losing approximately 40% of its mangrove forests over the past three decades.
Body
Causes of Depletion:
Urbanisation: Coastal development for housing, tourism, and infrastructure leads to the destruction of mangrove habitats.
Aquaculture: Expansion of shrimp farming and other aquaculture activities often involves clearing mangrove forests.
Climate Change: Rising sea levels, increased frequency of cyclones, and changing salinity levels adversely affect mangrove health.
Importance in Coastal Ecology:
Habitat for Marine Life: Mangroves provide breeding and nursery grounds for various fish, crustaceans, and other marine species.
Coastal Protection: Their dense root systems stabilise shorelines, reducing erosion and buffering against storm surges and tsunamis.
Pollutant Filtration: Mangroves filter sediments, heavy metals, and other pollutants, improving water quality.
Carbon Sequestration: Mangroves are highly efficient carbon sinks, storing large amounts of carbon in their biomass and soil, thus mitigating climate change.
Conclusion
Mangroves are vital for coastal ecology, offering numerous ecological, economic, and social benefits. To conserve and restore these ecosystems, measures such as enforcing coastal zone regulations, promoting sustainable aquaculture, enhancing pollution control, and implementing community-based conservation programs are essential.
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