Q.2 The Central Administration Tribunal which was established for redressal of grievances and complaints by or against central government employees, nowadays is exercising its powers as an independent judicial authority. 

Model Answer:

Introduction

The First Administrative Reforms Commission (1966-70) recommended the establishment of Civil Service Tribunals as final appellate authorities. The J.C. Shah Committee further supported this, advocating for an administrative tribunal to adjudicate service-related matters.

Body

Grievance Redressal

The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) was established through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, under Part XIV-A of the Constitution. 

  1. Adjudicates disputes related to recruitment and service conditions for public service appointments in Union affairs.
  2. Holds jurisdiction over employees in Public Sector Undertakings and organizations as notified by the government.
  3. Operates independently of procedural constraints, allowing applicants to represent themselves or engage a legal practitioner.

Independent Judicial Authority

The Delhi High Court has ruled that CAT has the same jurisdiction and powers as a High Court regarding contempt proceedings. CAT, with original jurisdiction over recruitment and service conditions, actively intervenes in politically motivated transfers of officials.

CAT is not restricted by the Civil Procedure Code of 1908 and is guided by principles of natural justice. Appeals against CAT orders are directed to the High Court, ensuring judicial oversight and supporting CAT’s autonomy. Recently, CAT objected to an order from the Delhi High Court to expedite a matter under its jurisdiction, marking its assertion as an independent judicial authority. This independence has been recognized by the judiciary, affirming CAT's active role in upholding justice.

Conclusion

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The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) has evolved significantly from its original mandate, now exercising powers akin to an independent judicial authority in matters concerning central government employees. This autonomy has enhanced its ability to impartially address grievances and uphold principles of natural justice, free from bureaucratic interference. With CAT’s authority affirmed by judicial rulings and its interventions respected across service matters, it plays a crucial role in safeguarding administrative fairness. This transformation highlights CAT’s indispensable role in ensuring accountable governance and fair adjudication within India’s administrative framework.

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