Globalization and new technology are intricately linked in addressing the challenges of resource scarcity, particularly in the context of India.

Q.20 Elucidate the relationship between globalisation and new technology in a world of scarce resources, with special reference to India.

Model Answer:

Introduction

The interconnected phenomena of globalisation and technological advancement have profoundly shaped the modern world, influencing economies, societies, and resource utilisation on a global scale. 

India, as a rapidly developing nation with a large population and growing technological sector, offers a compelling case study for examining these dynamics.

Body

Relationship between globalisation and new technology

1. Accelerated information exchange: Globalisation has facilitated the rapid spread of new technologies across borders. For India, this has meant increased access to cutting-edge innovations, allowing the country to leapfrog certain developmental stages. However, it also intensifies competition for scarce technological resources like rare earth metals.
2. Shifting production patterns: New technologies enable the redistribution of manufacturing and services globally. India has benefited from this through its thriving IT and outsourcing sectors. Yet, this also creates dependencies on global supply chains, potentially straining resource availability.
3. Resource efficiency vs. increased consumption: While new technologies often improve resource efficiency, globalisation can lead to increased overall consumption. In India, this tension is evident in sectors like agriculture, where modern farming techniques boost productivity but may also deplete water resources faster.
4. Innovation in resource management: Globalisation spreads awareness of resource scarcity, spurring technological innovations in conservation and alternative resources. India's investments in renewable energy and water management technologies exemplify this trend.
5. Digital transformation and virtual resources: New technologies, particularly in the digital realm, create virtual resources that can partially offset physical scarcity. India's digital economy growth demonstrates how countries can leverage these opportunities while navigating resource constraints.
6. Inequality and access issues: The global spread of technology can exacerbate inequalities in resource access. In India, this is apparent in the digital divide between urban and rural areas, affecting access to information and opportunities.
7. Environmental impacts: Globalisation and new technologies can both mitigate and exacerbate environmental pressures on scarce resources. India faces this dilemma as it balances rapid development with environmental sustainability.

Conclusion

The relationship between globalisation and new technology in a resource-scarce world is complex and multifaceted, particularly for a country like India. While these forces can exacerbate resource consumption and inequalities, they also offer solutions for more efficient resource management and sustainable development. 

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