India's commitment to clean energy and climate change mitigation has evolved significantly in the context of international geopolitics.

Q.20 Clean energy is the order of the day.’ Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Clean energy has become crucial in the global scenario due to the urgent need to mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. India, as a significant player in international climate change negotiations, has been proactive in its approach to clean energy and climate change mitigation.

Body

India's commitment to clean energy is evident through its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted at the Paris Climate Agreement. India aims to reduce the emissions intensity of its GDP by 33-35% by 2030 from 2005 levels and achieve about 40% cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.

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India's climate change policy has seen notable changes at international fora:

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): India has consistently advocated for the principle of "Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities" (CBDR-RC), emphasising that developed countries should take the lead in climate action. India has also pushed for financial and technological support for developing countries to transition to clean energy.
• International Solar Alliance (ISA): Launched by India and France in 2015, the ISA aims to promote solar energy globally, particularly in tropical countries. It seeks to mobilise over $1 trillion in investments by 2030 to scale up solar energy deployment, thereby reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change.

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India's changing policy is significant in the geopolitical context, particularly in countering Chinese influence in the region. By leading initiatives like the ISA and advocating for equitable climate action, India positions itself as a responsible global leader in clean energy and climate change mitigation. This not only enhances India's soft power but also provides a counterbalance to China's Belt and Road Initiative, which has been criticised for its environmental impact.

Conclusion

India's evolving policy on climate change is crucial for global climate change mitigation efforts. By promoting clean energy and advocating for equitable climate action, India contributes significantly to the global fight against climate change while also enhancing its geopolitical standing.

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