India's ambition to meet 50% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030 is a critical goal in addressing climate change and ensuring energy security. Achieving this target requires significant investment in solar, wind, and other renewable technologies, along with a strategic shift in subsidies from fossil fuels to cleaner alternatives.

Q.12 Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030 ? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective ? Explain.

Model Answer:

Introduction

Renewable energy refers to energy derived from natural sources that are replenished constantly, such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass. As of 2024, India has made significant strides in renewable energy, with an installed capacity of over 150 GW, contributing to approximately 40% of the total energy mix. India aims to meet 50% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2030, as part of its commitment under the Paris Agreement.

Body

India has made commendable progress in renewable energy, particularly in solar and wind power. The country has launched initiatives like the International Solar Alliance and ambitious projects such as the National Solar Mission. However, achieving the 50% target by 2030 presents several challenges:

  • Infrastructure and Grid Integration: The existing grid infrastructure needs significant upgrades to handle the intermittent nature of renewable energy.
  • Financing and Investment: Large-scale investments are required to develop renewable energy projects, which can be a constraint.
  • Land Acquisition: Acquiring land for renewable energy projects, especially solar farms, can be challenging due to legal and social issues.
  • Technological Advancements: Continuous innovation and adoption of advanced technologies are necessary to improve efficiency and storage solutions.

Shifting subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables can play a crucial role in achieving this target:

  • Cost Competitiveness: Redirecting subsidies can make renewable energy more cost-competitive compared to fossil fuels, encouraging greater adoption.
  • Environmental Benefits: Reducing subsidies for fossil fuels can decrease carbon emissions and pollution, aligning with global climate goals.
  • Economic Diversification: Investing in renewables can create jobs and stimulate economic growth in new sectors.

The Indian government has taken several steps to shift subsidies, such as reducing subsidies for diesel and kerosene while providing incentives for solar and wind energy projects. Policies like the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan (PM-KUSUM) scheme aim to promote solar energy in the agricultural sector.

Renewable energy is vital for India's energy security, reducing dependence on imported fossil fuels and enhancing energy access. To meet the 50% target by 2030, India must focus on:

  • Strengthening Policy Frameworks: Implementing robust policies and regulatory frameworks to support renewable energy growth.
  • Enhancing R&D: Investing in research and development to improve technology and reduce costs.
  • Public-Private Partnerships: Encouraging collaboration between the government and private sector to mobilize resources and expertise.

Conclusion

By addressing these areas, India can successfully transition to a sustainable energy future and meet its renewable energy targets.

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