Rising life expectancy in India has introduced new health challenges, including a higher prevalence of chronic diseases and age-related disabilities. Addressing these issues requires a robust healthcare framework focused on preventive care, geriatric health, and accessible medical facilities.

Q.5  The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them ?

Model Answer:

Introduction

The increase in life expectancy in India, which has risen to approximately 70 years, has brought about several health challenges. These challenges primarily stem from the aging population and the shift in disease patterns.

Body

Challenges:

  1. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): With longer life spans, there is a higher prevalence of NCDs such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. According to the WHO, NCDs account for 63% of all deaths in India.
  2. Geriatric Health Issues: Aging leads to conditions like arthritis, osteoporosis, and dementia. The National Health Profile 2023 indicates a rise in geriatric ailments.
  3. Mental Health Problems: Increased life expectancy has led to a rise in mental health issues among the elderly, including depression and anxiety. The National Mental Health Survey 2016 reported that 15% of the elderly suffer from mental health issues.
  4. Healthcare Infrastructure: The current healthcare system is under strain due to the increased demand for long-term care and specialized geriatric services.
  5. Economic Burden: The cost of managing chronic diseases and long-term care is substantial, impacting both families and the national economy.

Steps to Address These Challenges:

  1. Strengthening Primary Healthcare: Enhance primary healthcare services to include regular screenings and management of NCDs. The Ayushman Bharat scheme can be leveraged for this purpose.
  2. Geriatric Care Services: Establish dedicated geriatric care units in hospitals and promote home-based care services. The National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) should be expanded.
  3. Mental Health Support: Increase mental health services and integrate them into primary healthcare. The Mental Healthcare Act 2017 should be effectively implemented.
  4. Health Insurance: Expand health insurance coverage to include geriatric and chronic disease care. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) can be a model for this.
  5. Public Awareness: Conduct awareness campaigns on healthy aging and preventive healthcare. Community-based programs can play a crucial role.
  6. Research and Development: Invest in research focused on aging and age-related diseases to develop better treatment and management strategies.

Conclusion

In conclusion, while increased life expectancy is a positive development, it necessitates a comprehensive approach to address the associated health challenges. By strengthening healthcare infrastructure, promoting preventive care, and ensuring economic support, India can effectively manage the health needs of its aging population.

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