E-governance has emerged as a transformative tool for improving the effectiveness, transparency, and accountability of governance in India. However, challenges such as digital divide, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of digital literacy hinder its full potential. This answer analyzes these inadequacies within the context of governance reforms.

Q8. e-governance as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features.

Model Answer:

Introduction

 E-governance refers to the utilisation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by the government to deliver and facilitate government services, enhance exchange of information, streamline communication and transactions. e-governance ushering in effectiveness, transparency and accountability in governments 

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Effectiveness 

  • Passport Seva -  In 2010, the average passport issuance took 36 days. By 2020, this was reduced to just 1-5 days thanks to online applications.
  • Enhanced Grievance Redressal -  As of June 2023, over 7.8 crore (78 million) grievances have been registered and disposed of on CPGRAMS of DARPG. 
  • The Aarogya Setu app facilitated easy COVID-19 contact tracing, vaccination registration, and information dissemination.
  • Over 3.2 crore (32 million) cases have been filed electronically in e-courts as of 2024 through E-courts mission, reducing the burden of litigation cost. 

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Transparency and Accountability 

  • The National Land Records Modernisation Programme (NLRMP) allows online access to land records, minimising manipulation and delays.
  • Several States are using e-governance tools for fair and transparent distribution of rations under the PDS. Initiatives like Karnataka's Anna Bhagya Scheme utilise online ration cards and transparency portals.
  • Online filing and payment of taxes through platforms like e-filing reduces corruption and improves transparency in tax administration.

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Inadequacies hampering the enhancement of these features

  • Digital divide -  Only 20.26% of rural India and 64.84% of urban India population have internet access presently.
  • Inadequacy of government process engineering - Lack of simplification of procedure. {Niti Aayog’s report} 
  • Lack of interoperability between different e-governance systems and platforms can lead to data fragmentation and hinder seamless data exchange between government departments. 
  • Lack of a strong data protection framework to bring trust in e-governance. 
  • Limited awareness of services- Many citizens remain unaware of the available e-governance services, hindering their utilisation. (Economic Survey of India 2022). 
  • Language barrier 
  • Lack of skilled IT workforce within government to develop, maintain, and manage e-governance platforms effectively. 
  • Bureaucratic resistance to digitalisation 

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What steps can be taken to improve the e-governance further 

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  • Widespread digital literacy programs ( these programs should cater to rural populations and those unfamiliar with technology, using local languages and leveraging Common Service Centres (CSCs) for training.
  • Expanding internet connectivity, especially in underserved areas. This can involve laying fibre optic cables, promoting public Wi-Fi hotspots. 
  • Improved data interoperability between different government departments. This can be achieved through standardised data formats and APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) to ensure seamless information exchange.‍
  • Multilingual Accessibility of government websites and e-governance service.

Conclusion

E-governance is a continuous journey. Constant evaluation and adaptation are crucial for maximising its impact and ensuring its effectiveness in the long run. 

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