Q17. In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system, the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketisation of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level

Approach

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Introduction

The public healthcare system in India is a cornerstone for ensuring affordable and accessible healthcare, especially for the underprivileged. However, the marketization of healthcare has led to escalating costs, making it unaffordable for many and widening the socioeconomic divide. As the Bhore Committee (1946) emphasized, the state must take the lead in providing comprehensive healthcare to all citizens.

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Measures to Enhance the Reach of Public Healthcare:

  • Increase Budgetary Allocation: India spends only 1.28% of its GDP on healthcare, compared to the global average of 6% (World Bank). The National Health Policy (2017) recommends raising this to 2.5% by 2025, which could significantly boost infrastructure and services.
  • Expand Health Infrastructure: Initiatives like Ayushman Bharat, which aims to establish 1.5 lakh Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) by 2022, are crucial. However, progress should be expedited, especially in underserved rural areas, to ensure comprehensive primary care coverage.
  • Leverage Technology: Platforms like eSanjeevani have demonstrated the potential of telemedicine in reaching remote areas. Further investments in mobile health units and telehealth technologies can bridge the rural-urban healthcare divide.

Measures to Enhance the Quality of Public Healthcare:

  • Regulate the Private Sector: The National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority (NPPA) has capped the prices of essential medicines and medical devices, but broader regulation of private hospitals is necessary to prevent exorbitant healthcare costs.
  • Increase Human Resources: According to NITI Aayog (2021), India faces a shortage of 600,000 doctors and 2 million nurses. Increasing the number of medical colleges and upskilling healthcare workers through the National Medical Commission (NMC) is essential.
  • Improve Accountability and Governance: The use of Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) and digital health records can enhance transparency and ensure that programs like Janani Suraksha Yojana are implemented effectively.

Conclusion

By increasing public spending, expanding infrastructure, regulating private healthcare, and investing in human resources, India can build a robust healthcare system that ensures equitable access for all and help achieve the SDG 3.

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