Q24. With the growing scarcity of fossil fuels, atomic energy is gaining more and more significance in India. Discuss the availability of raw materials required for the generation of atomic energy in India and the world.

Model Answer:

Introduction

The scarcity of fossil fuels prompts a global shift towards atomic energy. This requires an understanding of the availability of essential raw materials for nuclear power generation.

Body

Availability of Raw Materials in India

  1. Uranium Reserves: India has significant uranium reserves, primarily located in Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh, estimated at around 80,000 tons as of recent reports.
  2. Thorium Deposits: India possesses approximately 300,000 tons of thorium, mainly in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which could fuel future nuclear reactors effectively.
  3. Domestic Mining Efforts: The Uranium Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) operates mines to extract uranium, focusing on sustainable practices and meeting the increasing energy demand.
  4. Imports for Sustainability: India imports uranium from countries like Canada, Kazakhstan, and Australia to meet its nuclear energy requirements, ensuring a diversified energy supply.

Availability of Raw Materials Globally

  1. Global Uranium Supply: Worldwide, uranium resources are estimated at 6.1 million tons, with Kazakhstan, Canada, and Australia being the largest producers.
  2. Thorium Resources: Global thorium reserves are estimated at 6 million tons, predominantly found in India, Australia, and the United States, presenting future energy opportunities.
  3. Innovative Mining Techniques: Countries are adopting advanced mining techniques for uranium extraction, increasing efficiency and reducing environmental impact in resource-rich areas.
  4. International Cooperation: Global partnerships, such as the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), facilitate access to nuclear materials, enhancing countries' capabilities in atomic energy generation.

Conclusion

The availability of raw materials for atomic energy is crucial for India and the world. Strategic exploration and international collaboration will strengthen nuclear energy's role in a sustainable future.

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