Q24. Critically evaluate the various resources of the oceans that can be harnessed to meet the resource crisis in the world.

Model Answer:

Introduction

The oceans, covering over 70% of the Earth's surface, are vital reservoirs of resources that can alleviate the global resource crisis. Their sustainable harnessing offers potential solutions to various challenges, including energy shortages, food insecurity, and raw material scarcity.

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Resources of the Oceans 

1. Marine Renewable Energy: Oceans are a significant source of renewable energy, including tidal, wave, and ocean thermal energy. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), harnessing these resources could meet a substantial part of global energy demands and contribute to reducing carbon emissions.
2. Fisheries and Aquaculture: The oceans provide crucial food resources through fishing and aquaculture. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that around 3 billion people depend on the ocean for their primary source of protein. Sustainable fishing practices can enhance food security.
3. Mineral Resources: The seabed is rich in minerals like manganese nodules, polymetallic sulfides, and rare earth elements. These resources are vital for modern technologies, including electronics and renewable energy systems. The International Seabed Authority (ISA) emphasizes the need for sustainable exploration and extraction practices.
4. Biotechnology: Marine organisms are a source of bioactive compounds used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nutrition. The global marine biotechnology market is projected to reach $6.6 billion by 2025, illustrating the potential of oceans in health and wellness. 
5. Ocean-Based Minerals: Deep-sea mining for minerals like nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements is gaining attention due to its importance in the technology and renewable energy sectors. However, this must be balanced with environmental considerations to avoid detrimental impacts on marine ecosystems. 

Conclusion

‍Harnessing ocean resources sustainably can significantly mitigate the global resource crisis. A balanced approach that prioritizes conservation and innovation will be essential in leveraging these invaluable assets for future generations. 

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