Q19. The persisting drives of the government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements. With Malkangiri and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) doctrine that affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth. 

Model Answer:

Introduction

Left Wing Extremism (LWE) is a major internal security issue in India, primarily affecting regions with significant tribal populations, such as Malkangiri in Odisha and Naxalbari in West Bengal. The focus on industrialization and large-scale development in backward areas has led to displacement and economic marginalisation of local communities, fueling discontent and making them susceptible to LWE influence. To address this, inclusive development strategies that balance industrial growth with the rights and well-being of tribal and farming communities are essential.

Body

Corrective Strategies to Counter LWE and Integrate Affected Citizens

• Inclusive Development and Employment Generation:
  • Focus on creating jobs for local populations through skill development programs tailored to their traditional knowledge, such as agro-based industries, handicrafts, and small-scale manufacturing.
  • Establish community-driven projects that allow locals to participate in development activities, ensuring that economic growth benefits the affected population directly.
• Land Rights and Rehabilitation:
  • Ensure fair and transparent land acquisition policies with adequate compensation and resettlement packages for displaced families.
  • Provide legal support and clear documentation of land rights to tribal communities, reducing grievances associated with forced displacement.
• Strengthening Education and Healthcare Access:
  • Establish schools and healthcare facilities in LWE-affected areas, focusing on improving literacy and health outcomes to enhance the long-term resilience of communities.
  • Encourage vocational training and education in local dialects, making it accessible and relevant to tribal youth.
• Infrastructure Development with Local Engagement:
  • Develop basic infrastructure such as roads, water supply, and electricity with local involvement, creating a sense of ownership and fostering trust in government initiatives.
  • Prioritise small-scale, sustainable infrastructure projects over large industries to minimise displacement and environmental impact.
• Enhanced Governance and Security Measures:
  • Establish local governance mechanisms, such as village councils, to empower communities and address local grievances effectively.
  • Continue focused security measures against LWE but with emphasis on community policing and building rapport with local populations to reduce support for extremist groups.
• Public Awareness and De-Radicalization Programs:
  • Conduct awareness programs to educate communities about government welfare schemes and offer counselling to rehabilitate individuals who have been affected by extremist ideologies.
  • Partner with NGOs and community leaders to reach deep-rooted areas and foster a sense of inclusion within the mainstream economy.

Conclusion

‍To effectively counter Left Wing Extremism and restore trust among affected citizens, India must adopt a comprehensive, inclusive approach to development. Focusing on community-based projects, protecting land rights, enhancing basic amenities, and engaging with locals can help integrate these marginalised populations into the mainstream. By addressing root causes of discontent, the government can steer affected communities toward long-term social and economic growth, ultimately weakening the appeal of LWE ideologies.

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