Model Answer:
The Coelho case, formally known as I.R. Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu (2007), builds upon the foundational principles established in the Keshavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) case, particularly concerning the Basic Structure Doctrine. This doctrine asserts that certain fundamental features of the Constitution cannot be altered or destroyed by amendments, ensuring the preservation of democratic values and individual rights.
In the Coelho case, the Supreme Court addressed the Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Second Amendment) Act, 2006, which sought to invalidate judicial decisions regarding land ownership. The Court ruled that legislative amendments impacting fundamental rights are subject to judicial scrutiny under the Basic Structure Doctrine. This ruling underscored that any law infringing upon the fundamental rights of citizens cannot be enacted if it violates the Constitution’s basic structure.
Judicial review, a key aspect of this doctrine, is crucial for several reasons:
In conclusion, the Coelho case reaffirms the critical importance of judicial review as part of the Constitution's Basic Structure. It serves as a vital mechanism for protecting fundamental rights, maintaining checks and balances, and promoting accountability, thus safeguarding the democratic framework of India.