Q.2 The Pala period is the most significant phase in the history of Buddhism in India. Enumerate.

Model Answer:

Introduction

The Pala period (8th to 12th century CE) is a pivotal era in the history of Buddhism in India. The Pala dynasty, founded by Gopala in the Bengal region, is renowned for its extensive patronage of Buddhism, which led to a significant revival and flourishing of the religion.

Body

• The Palas established and supported major Buddhist universities such as Nalanda, Vikramshila, and Odantapuri. These institutions became global centres of learning, attracting scholars from across Asia, including China, Tibet, and Southeast Asia. Nalanda, in particular, was a hub for advanced studies in various fields, including Buddhist philosophy, logic, and metaphysics.
• The Pala period saw the development and spread of Vajrayana Buddhism. This esoteric form of Buddhism, which emphasises rituals, mantras, and meditation practices, gained prominence under Pala patronage. The Palas' support helped in the codification and dissemination of Vajrayana texts and practices.
• The Palas were instrumental in the promotion of Buddhist art and architecture. They commissioned the construction of numerous stupas, viharas, and temples, which were adorned with intricate sculptures and murals. The Somapura Mahavihara in present-day Bangladesh is a notable example of Pala architectural excellence and is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
• The Pala period also witnessed the creation of exquisite Buddhist manuscripts and iconography. The Palas encouraged the production of illustrated manuscripts, which played a crucial role in the preservation and transmission of Buddhist teachings. The distinctive Pala style of sculpture, characterised by its elegance and detailed craftsmanship, influenced Buddhist art across Asia.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Pala period's enduring impact on Buddhism in India is evident through its contributions to education, religious practices, art, and architecture. The Palas' patronage not only revitalised Buddhism in India but also facilitated its spread and influence across Asia, leaving a lasting legacy that continues to be celebrated today.

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