India's transformation from a net food importer in the 1960s to a net food exporter is attributed to advancements in agricultural practices, technological innovations, and policy reforms like the Green Revolution. These changes have enhanced food production, improved self-sufficiency, and opened up international markets.

Q17. From being net food importer in 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons.

Model Answer:

Introduction

India's transformation from a net food importer in the 1960s to a net food exporter today is a remarkable journey of innovation, adaptation and sustainable growth. It is driven by several factors such as : 

Body

• Green Revolution: The introduction of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, improved irrigation infrastructure, and the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides during the Green Revolution in the late 1960s and early 1970s significantly boosted food grain production. This technological and agricultural revolution primarily benefited wheat and rice production in the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.

• Policy Support: The Indian government implemented a series of supportive policies, including the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system, which assured farmers of a guaranteed price for their produce. Additionally, the establishment of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) in 1965 helped in procurement, storage, and distribution of food grains, ensuring price stability and food security.

•  Irrigation and Infrastructure: Massive investments in irrigation projects such as dams, canals, and tube wells have expanded the area under assured irrigation, reducing dependence on monsoons. Improved rural infrastructure, including roads, transportation, and storage facilities, has facilitated better access to markets.

•  Research and Development: Indian agricultural research institutions, such as the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), have played a crucial role in developing new crop varieties, improving farming techniques, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

•  Diversification and Commercialization: Indian agriculture has diversified beyond staple grains to include fruits, vegetables, dairy, and fisheries. This diversification has been driven by changing consumer preferences, increasing urbanisation, and better market linkages, leading to higher income for farmers.

• Export Promotion: The government has actively promoted agricultural exports through policy measures, export subsidies, and participation in international trade fairs. The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) has been instrumental in enhancing the export potential of Indian agricultural products.

•  Global Demand: Rising global demand for diverse agricultural products, including basmati rice, spices, tea, and fruits, has provided Indian farmers with lucrative export opportunities.

Conclusion

These factors collectively have enabled India to not only achieve self-sufficiency in food production but also emerge as a significant player in the global agricultural market.

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