What is the phenomenon of 'cloudbursts? Explain.
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Introduction

Cloudbursts refer to the occurrence of over 100 mm of rainfall per hour over a small area, often leading to flash floods. They frequently occur in mountainous regions and are a growing concern due to climate change. For example, the 2013 Uttarakhand cloudburst led to thousands of deaths and severe property damage.
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Body

Causes:

• Orographic lifting: Moist air is forced to ascend due to mountains, leading to heavy rainfall.
• Atmospheric instability: Low-pressure systems enhance the likelihood of cloudbursts.
• Convective activity: Strong upward movements of warm, moist air create cumulonimbus clouds.

Effects:

• Flash floods: Sudden water influx overwhelms rivers and infrastructure.
• Landslides: In mountainous areas like Uttarakhand, intense rainfall triggers landslides.
• Damage to infrastructure: Roads, bridges, and buildings are severely affected.

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Conclusion:

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Investment in early warning systems, climate-resilient infrastructure, like the Copenhagen Master Plan, and community awareness can mitigate the disastrous impacts of cloudbursts and improve preparedness across vulnerable regions in India.
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